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Kab mob kis kab mob tau dhau los ua teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem kis tau rau txhua yam kab mob ntawm tes thiab ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev raug mob thiab kev puas tsuaj, ua rau muaj kab mob thiab tuag taus. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob loj heev xws li mob hnyav ua pa nyuaj rau tus mob coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), muaj qhov xav tau ceev nrooj los tsim txoj hauv kev zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb los tiv thaiv cov kab mob pathogenic. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv rau kev ua kom tsis muaj kab mob pathogenic yog siv tau tab sis muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog nkag siab, lub cev muaj zog thiab tsis muaj kuab paug, electromagnetic nthwv dej tau dhau los ua ib lub tswv yim zoo rau kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab ua rau muaj kev txaus siab. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab lawv cov txheej txheem, nrog rau kev cia siab rau kev siv hluav taws xob nthwv dej rau kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, nrog rau cov tswv yim tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Ntau tus kab mob kis tau sai, txuas ntxiv mus ntev, yog cov kab mob loj heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Kev tiv thaiv, kuaj pom, kuaj, tshem tawm thiab kho yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kabmob. Kev tshem tawm sai thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic suav nrog prophylactic, tiv thaiv, thiab tshem tawm qhov chaw. Inactivation ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev kom txo tau lawv cov kab mob, pathogenicity thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev loj hlob yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo ntawm lawv tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, suav nrog kev kub siab, tshuaj lom neeg thiab hluav taws xob ionizing, tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob pathogenic zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no tseem muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Yog li ntawd, tseem muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj los tsim cov tswv yim tshiab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic.
Lub emission ntawm electromagnetic tsis muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub siab nkag mus rau lub zog, ceev ceev thiab zoo li cua sov, resonance nrog microorganisms thiab plasma tso, thiab yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug tswv yim txoj kev rau inactivating pathogenic kab mob [1,2,3]. Lub peev xwm ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej rau inactivate pathogenic kab mob tau pom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem [4]. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev siv hluav taws xob nthwv dej rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic tau ua rau muaj kev xav ntau ntxiv. Kab lus no tham txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab lawv cov txheej txheem, uas tuaj yeem ua cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv.
Cov yam ntxwv morphological ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm xws li muaj sia nyob thiab kis kab mob. Nws tau raug pom tias electromagnetic tsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ultra high zaus (UHF) thiab ultra high zaus (EHF) electromagnetic vuag, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kab mob morphology.
Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) feem ntau yog siv rau hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb xws li kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj tua kab mob, kev ua qauv kinetic (aqueous), thiab kev lom neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob molecules [5, 6]. Wu pom tias microwaves ntawm 2450 MHz thiab 700 W ua rau kev sib sau ua ke thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm MS2 dej phages tom qab 1 feeb ntawm kev ncaj qha irradiation [1]. Tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv, kev so hauv qhov chaw ntawm MS2 phage kuj tau pom [7]. Kaczmarczyk [8] nthuav tawm cov kev ncua ntawm cov qauv ntawm tus mob coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) mus rau millimeter waves nrog zaus ntawm 95 GHz thiab lub zog ceev ntawm 70 txog 100 W / cm2 rau 0.1 s. Cov qhov loj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub plhaub kheej kheej kheej kheej ntawm tus kab mob, uas ua rau poob ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus. Kev raug hluav taws xob tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob sib kis. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom morphological, xws li cov duab, txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov smoothness, tom qab kis tus kab mob nrog hluav taws xob electromagnetic tsis paub. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los soj ntsuam kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm morphological thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, uas tuaj yeem muab cov cim tseem ceeb thiab yooj yim rau kev ntsuam xyuas tus kab mob inactivation [1].
Cov qauv kab mob feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov nucleic acid (RNA lossis DNA) thiab sab nraud capsid. Nucleic acids txiav txim siab cov caj ces thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov kab mob. Lub capsid yog txheej txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis tu ncua ntawm cov protein subunits, lub hauv paus scaffolding thiab antigenic tivthaiv ntawm cov kab mob, thiab tseem tiv thaiv nucleic acids. Feem ntau cov kab mob muaj ib lub hnab ntawv tsim los ntawm lipids thiab glycoproteins. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hnab ntawv proteins txiav txim siab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov receptors thiab ua haujlwm ua cov antigens tseem ceeb uas tus tswv tsev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem paub. Cov qauv ua tiav ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus kab mob.
Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov nthwv dej electromagnetic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog UHF electromagnetic nthwv dej, tuaj yeem ua rau RNA ntawm cov kab mob ua rau muaj kab mob. Wu [1] ncaj qha nthuav tawm qhov chaw aqueous ntawm tus kab mob MS2 rau 2450 MHz microwaves rau 2 feeb thiab tshuaj xyuas cov noob encoding protein A, capsid protein, replicase protein, thiab cleavage protein los ntawm gel electrophoresis thiab thim rov qab transcription polymerase saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. RT-PCR). Cov noob no tau raug puas tsuaj zuj zus nrog lub zog ceev ceev thiab txawm ploj mus ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, kev qhia ntawm cov protein A gene (934 bp) txo qis tom qab kis tau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog lub zog ntawm 119 thiab 385 W thiab ploj tag nrho thaum lub zog ceev tau nce mus rau 700 W. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tau tias cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua tau, nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj, rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm nucleic acids ntawm cov kab mob.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias cov nyhuv ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm cov kab mob kis kab mob feem ntau yog ua raws li lawv cov kev cuam tshuam tsis ncaj qha thermal ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov protein synthesis vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm nucleic acids [1, 3, 8, 9]. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teebmeem athermic kuj tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov polarity lossis cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob sib kis [1, 10, 11]. Qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov qauv tsim / cov khoom tsis yog cov qauv xws li capsid proteins, cov hnab ntawv cov proteins lossis cov protein ntau ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic tseem yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv. Nws tau tsis ntev los no tau hais tias 2 feeb ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 2.45 GHz nrog lub zog ntawm 700 W tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau feem ntawm cov nqi protein los ntawm kev tsim cov chaw kub thiab oscillating hluav taws xob teb los ntawm cov teebmeem electromagnetic purely [12].
Lub hnab ntawv ntawm tus kab mob pathogenic yog ze ze rau nws lub peev xwm kis tau lossis ua rau muaj kab mob. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias UHF thiab microwave electromagnetic vuag tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov kab mob uas ua rau cov kab mob. Raws li tau hais los saum no, cov qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv lub hnab ntawv kab mob coronavirus 229E tom qab 0.1 thib ob raug rau 95 GHz millimeter nthwv dej ntawm lub zog ceev ntawm 70 txog 100 W / cm2 [8]. Cov nyhuv ntawm resonant zog hloov ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab txaus los rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm lub hnab ntawv tus kab mob. Rau cov kab mob hauv lub hnab, tom qab tawg ntawm lub hnab ntawv, kev kis kab mob lossis qee yam kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yuav txo qis lossis ploj tag [13, 14]. Yang [13] nthuav tawm tus kab mob khaub thuas H3N2 (H3N2) thiab tus kab mob khaub thuas H1N1 (H1N1) rau microwaves ntawm 8.35 GHz, 320 W / m² thiab 7 GHz, 308 W / m², raws li, rau 15 feeb. Txhawm rau sib piv cov cim RNA ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic raug cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic tsis thiab cov qauv fragmented khov thiab tam sim ntawd thawed hauv cov kua nitrogen rau ntau lub voj voog, RT-PCR tau ua. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias RNA cov cim ntawm ob tus qauv zoo sib xws. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias lub cev qauv ntawm tus kab mob cuam tshuam thiab cov qauv lub hnab ntawv raug rhuav tshem tom qab raug hluav taws xob microwave.
Qhov kev ua ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kis tau, rov ua dua thiab sau ntawv. Kev kis kab mob los yog kev ua si feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas kab mob titers siv cov tshuaj plaque, cov ntaub so ntswg kab mob nruab nrab kis kab mob (TCID50), lossis luciferase reporter gene kev ua. Tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam ncaj qha los ntawm kev cais tus kab mob nyob hauv lossis los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tus kab mob antigen, tus kab mob sib kis, tus kab mob ciaj sia, thiab lwm yam.
Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias UHF, SHF thiab EHF cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kab mob aerosols lossis cov kab mob hauv dej. Wu [1] nthuav tawm MS2 bacteriophage aerosol tsim los ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog zaus ntawm 2450 MHz thiab lub zog ntawm 700 W rau 1.7 min, thaum MS2 bacteriophage muaj sia nyob tus nqi tsuas yog 8.66%. Zoo ib yam li MS2 viral aerosol, 91.3% ntawm aqueous MS2 tau ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 1.5 feeb tom qab raug rau tib koob tshuaj electromagnetic tsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm tus kab mob MS2 tau zoo cuam tshuam nrog lub zog ceev thiab lub sijhawm raug. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub deactivation efficiency nce mus txog nws qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yuav tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev ua kom lub sij hawm raug los yog nce lub zog ceev. Piv txwv li, tus kab mob MS2 muaj qhov ciaj sia tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 2.65% mus rau 4.37% tom qab raug 2450 MHz thiab 700 W electromagnetic nthwv dej, thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau pom nrog lub sijhawm nthuav tawm. Siddharta [3] irradiated lub cell kab lis kev cai ncua kev kawm ntawv uas muaj kab mob siab C (HCV) / tib neeg immunodeficiency virus hom 1 (HIV-1) nrog electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm zaus ntawm 2450 MHz thiab lub hwj chim ntawm 360 W. Lawv pom tias cov kab mob titers poob qis heev. tom qab 3 feeb ntawm kev raug, qhia tau hais tias electromagnetic yoj hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv HCV thiab Kev kis kab mob HIV-1 thiab pab tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob txawm tias kis tau ua ke. Thaum irradiating HCV kab lis kev cai ntawm tes thiab HIV-1 raug tshem tawm nrog lub zog hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob nrog zaus ntawm 2450 MHz, 90 W lossis 180 W, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob titer, txiav txim siab los ntawm luciferase reporter kev ua, thiab kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev kis kab mob. raug soj ntsuam. ntawm 600 thiab 800 W rau 1 feeb, kev kis kab mob ntawm ob tus kab mob tsis tau txo qis, uas ntseeg tau tias muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Kaczmarczyk [8] thawj zaug pom qhov tuag ntawm EHF electromagnetic nthwv dej tawm tsam cov kab mob hauv dej hauv xyoo 2021. Lawv nthuav tawm cov qauv ntawm tus mob coronavirus 229E lossis poliovirus (PV) rau cov hluav taws xob nthwv dej ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 95 GHz thiab lub zog ceev ntawm 70 / 20cm. rau 2 vib nas this. Lub inactivation efficiency ntawm ob kab mob pathogenic yog 99.98% thiab 99.375%, feem. uas qhia tau hais tias EHF electromagnetic nthwv dej muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm UHF inactivation ntawm cov kab mob kuj tau raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ntau yam xov xwm xws li mis niam thiab ib co ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tsev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm cov tshuaj loog qhov ncauj qhov ntswg uas muaj kab mob adenovirus (ADV), poliovirus hom 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) thiab rhinovirus (RHV) rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 2450 MHz thiab lub zog ntawm 720 watts. Lawv tau tshaj tawm tias kev sim rau ADV thiab PV-1 antigens ua tsis zoo, thiab HV-1, PIV-3, thiab RHV titers poob rau xoom, qhia tias tag nrho cov kab mob tsis ua tiav tom qab 4 feeb ntawm kev kis [15, 16]. Elhafi [17] ncaj qha nthuav tawm swabs kis tus kab mob avian kis kab mob ntsws (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), Newcastle tus kab mob (NDV), thiab avian influenza virus (AIV) mus rau 2450 MHz, 900 W microwave qhov cub. poob lawv cov kab mob. Ntawm lawv, APV thiab IBV kuj tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm cov kab mob tracheal tau los ntawm qaib embryos ntawm tiam 5. Txawm hais tias tus kab mob no tsis tuaj yeem cais tawm, tus kab mob nucleic acid tseem raug kuaj pom los ntawm RT-PCR. Ben-Shoshan [18] ncaj qha nthuav tawm 2450 MHz, 750 W electromagnetic nthwv dej rau 15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) cov qauv mis niam zoo rau 30 vib nas this. Kev tshawb pom Antigen los ntawm Plhaub-Vial pom tias ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm CMV. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm 500 W, 2 ntawm 15 cov qauv tsis ua tiav kev ua haujlwm tsis tiav, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias Yang [13] tau kwv yees qhov zaus ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib nqus thiab cov kab mob raws li cov qauv tsim lub cev. Kev ncua ntawm cov kab mob H3N2 nrog qhov ceev ntawm 7.5 × 1014 m-3, tsim los ntawm tus kab mob-rhiab heev Madin Darby aub raum hlwb (MDCK), tau ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm zaus ntawm 8 GHz thiab lub zog ntawm 820. W / m² rau 15 feeb. Qib ntawm inactivation ntawm tus kab mob H3N2 mus txog 100%. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov theoretical pib ntawm 82 W / m2, tsuas yog 38% ntawm tus kab mob H3N2 tsis ua haujlwm, qhia tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm EM-kho tus kab mob tsis ua haujlwm yog cuam tshuam nrog lub zog ceev. Raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb no, Barbora [14] tau xam qhov ntau zaus resonant (8.5–20 GHz) ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej thiab SARS-CoV-2 thiab xaus lus tias 7.5 × 1014 m-3 ntawm SARS-CoV-2 raug rau electromagnetic waves A yoj. nrog zaus ntawm 10-17 GHz thiab lub zog ceev ntawm 14.5 ± 1 W / m2 rau kwv yees li 15 feeb yuav ua rau 100% deactivation. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no los ntawm Wang [19] tau qhia tias qhov zaus ntawm SARS-CoV-2 yog 4 thiab 7.5 GHz, lees paub qhov muaj nyob ntawm resonant zaus ywj pheej ntawm tus kab mob titer.
Hauv kev xaus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov nthwv dej electromagnetic tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau aerosols thiab suspensions, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw. Nws tau pom tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog cuam tshuam nrog cov zaus thiab lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab qhov nruab nrab siv rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, electromagnetic frequencies raws li lub cev resonances tseem ceeb heev rau tus kab mob inactivation [2, 13]. Txog tam sim no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic tau tsom mus rau kev hloov pauv kev kis kab mob. Vim muaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm kev rov ua dua thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic.
Cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov tshuab electromagnetic tsis ua rau cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog rau hom kab mob, zaus thiab lub zog ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej, thiab qhov chaw loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis tseem tsis tau tshawb nrhiav ntau. Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem ntawm thermal, athermal, thiab cov qauv resonant zog hloov.
Cov nyhuv thermal yog to taub raws li qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev sib hloov ceev, kev sib tsoo thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm cov polar molecules hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm electromagnetic tsis. Vim yog cov cuab yeej no, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nce qhov kub ntawm tus kab mob siab tshaj qhov pib ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua rau tus kab mob tuag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob muaj ob peb polar molecules, uas qhia tau hais tias cov thermal cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kab mob tsis tshua muaj [1]. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj ntau ntau cov polar molecules nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab ib puag ncig, xws li cov dej molecules, uas txav mus raws li kev hloov hluav taws xob zoo siab los ntawm electromagnetic tsis, ua kom sov los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Thaum tshav kub kub yog kis mus rau tus kab mob kom nce nws qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum lub sijhawm ua siab ntev dhau lawm, nucleic acids thiab proteins raug rhuav tshem, uas thaum kawg txo qis kev kis kab mob thiab txawm tias ua rau tus kab mob tsis ua haujlwm.
Ntau pab pawg tau tshaj tawm tias cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txo cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm thermal raug [1, 3, 8]. Kaczmarczyk [8] nthuav tawm cov kev ncua ntawm tus mob coronavirus 229E rau electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm zaus ntawm 95 GHz nrog lub zog ceev ntawm 70 txog 100 W / cm² rau 0.2-0.7 s. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kub nce ntawm 100 ° C thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus kab mob morphology thiab txo cov haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob. Cov teebmeem thermal no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev ua ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm cov dej nyob ib puag ncig. Siddharta [3] irradiated HCV-muaj cell kab lis kev cai raug tshem tawm ntawm cov genotypes sib txawv, suav nrog GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a thiab GT7a, nrog hluav taws xob nthwv dej ntawm zaus ntawm 2450 MHz thiab lub zog ntawm 3160 W thiab 3160 W. W, 600 W 800 Tue Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kub ntawm lub cell kab lis kev cai nruab nrab ntawm 26 ° C mus rau 92 ° C, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob txo cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob los yog ua kom tsis muaj tus kab mob. Tab sis HCV tau raug hluav taws xob nthwv dej rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub zog qis (90 lossis 180 W, 3 feeb) lossis siab zog (600 lossis 800 W, 1 feeb), thaum tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv tus kab mob no tsis tau pom muaj kab mob los yog kev ua si.
Cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no qhia tau hais tias cov nyhuv thermal ntawm electromagnetic tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev kis kab mob lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov thermal nyhuv ntawm electromagnetic radiation inactivates pathogenic viruses zoo dua li UV-C thiab cov pa cua sov [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Ntxiv nrog rau cov teebmeem thermal, electromagnetic tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov polarity ntawm cov molecules xws li microbial proteins thiab nucleic acids, ua rau cov molecules tig thiab vibrate, ua rau txo qis los yog tuag taus [10]. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov hloov pauv sai ntawm cov polarity ntawm electromagnetic tsis ua rau muaj protein ntau polarization, uas ua rau kev sib tw thiab curvature ntawm cov qauv protein thiab, thaum kawg, rau protein denaturation [11].
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob tsis ua haujlwm tseem muaj teeb meem, tab sis feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo [1, 25]. Raws li peb tau hais los saum no, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nkag mus ncaj qha rau lub hnab ntawv protein ntawm tus kab mob MS2 thiab rhuav tshem cov nucleic acid ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, MS2 tus kab mob aerosols muaj ntau yam rhiab heev rau electromagnetic tsis tshaj aqueous MS2. Vim muaj cov polar molecules tsawg dua, xws li cov dej molecules, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig MS2 tus kab mob aerosols, athermic teebmeem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv electromagnetic wave-mediated virus inactivation [1].
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm resonance yog hais txog qhov nyiam ntawm lub cev lub cev kom nqus tau ntau lub zog los ntawm nws ib puag ncig ntawm nws lub ntuj zaus thiab wavelength. Resonance tshwm sim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws paub tias cov kab mob resonate nrog microwaves ntawm tib zaus nyob rau hauv ib tug txwv acoustic dipole hom, ib tug resonance tshwm sim [2, 13, 26]. Resonant hom kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic yoj thiab tus kab mob no yog nyiam ntau thiab ntau dua. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qauv siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv hluav taws xob zoo (SRET) los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau qhov kaw acoustic oscillations (CAV) hauv cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob sib kis tau vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub ntxhais-capsid vibrations. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm SRET muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm ib puag ncig, qhov loj thiab pH ntawm cov kab mob kis tau txiav txim siab qhov zaus thiab lub zog nqus, raws li [2, 13, 19].
Lub cev muaj zog resonance ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub inactivation ntawm enveloped kab mob, uas yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug bilayer membrane embedded nyob rau hauv cov kab mob proteins. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom tias qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm H3N2 los ntawm electromagnetic tsis muaj zaus ntawm 6 GHz thiab lub zog ceev ntawm 486 W / m² feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev rupture ntawm lub plhaub vim yog cov nyhuv resonance [13]. Qhov kub ntawm H3N2 raug tshem tawm tsuas yog nce li 7 ° C tom qab 15 feeb ntawm qhov kis, txawm li cas los xij, rau kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg tus kab mob H3N2 los ntawm cua sov cua sov, qhov kub siab tshaj 55 ° C yuav tsum tau [9]. Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau pom rau cov kab mob xws li SARS-CoV-2 thiab H3N1 [13, 14]. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm cov nthwv dej electromagnetic tsis ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob RNA genomes [1,13,14]. Yog li, qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob H3N2 tau txhawb nqa los ntawm lub cev resonance es tsis yog thermal raug [13].
Piv nrog rau cov thermal nyhuv ntawm electromagnetic tsis, qhov inactivation ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm lub cev resonance yuav tsum tau txo cov koob tshuaj, uas yog qis dua cov microwave kev ruaj ntseg qauv tsim los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm hluav taws xob thiab Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [2, 13]. Lub resonant zaus thiab hwj chim koob tshuaj nyob ntawm seb lub cev muaj zog ntawm tus kab mob, xws li particle loj thiab elasticity, thiab tag nrho cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub resonance zaus yuav ua tau zoo tsom rau inactivation. Vim muaj qhov nkag siab siab, qhov tsis muaj ionizing hluav taws xob, thiab kev nyab xeeb zoo, tus kab mob tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm cov nyhuv athermic ntawm CPET tau cog lus rau kev kho mob ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob malignant los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic [14, 26].
Raws li qhov kev siv ntawm cov kab mob inactivation nyob rau hauv cov kua theem thiab nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ntau yam xov xwm, electromagnetic nthwv dej tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog cov kab mob aerosols [1, 26], uas yog ib qho kev tawg thiab tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob. virus thiab tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob hauv zej zog. sib kis mus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb pom ntawm lub cev resonance zog ntawm electromagnetic tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv daim teb no. Raws li ntev raws li lub resonant zaus ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb virion thiab electromagnetic tsis paub, tag nrho cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub resonant zaus ntau yam ntawm lub qhov txhab tuaj yeem raug tsom, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov kab mob ib txwm ua tsis tau [13,14,26]. Electromagnetic inactivation ntawm cov kab mob yog ib qho kev cog lus nrog kev tshawb fawb zoo thiab siv tus nqi thiab muaj peev xwm.
Piv nrog rau cov cuab yeej tua kab mob ib txwm muaj, electromagnetic tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev yooj yim, zoo, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thaum tua kab mob vim nws lub cev tshwj xeeb [2, 13]. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Ua ntej, kev paub niaj hnub no tsuas yog siv rau lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm emission ntawm electromagnetic tsis tau nthuav tawm [10, 27]. Microwaves, suav nrog millimeter nthwv dej, tau siv dav los kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob thiab nws cov txheej txheem, txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm lwm zaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau zaus ntawm 100 kHz txog 300 MHz thiab ntawm 300 GHz txog 10 THz, tsis tau tshaj tawm. Thib ob, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tua cov kab mob pathogenic los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis tau piav qhia, thiab tsuas yog cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob thiab tus pas nrig tau kawm [2]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob me me, tsis muaj cell, hloov tau yooj yim, thiab kis tau sai, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus kab mob inactivation. Electromagnetic yoj thev naus laus zis tseem yuav tsum tau txhim kho kom kov yeej cov teeb meem ntawm inactivating kab mob pathogenic. Thaum kawg, kev nqus siab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm cov polar molecules hauv nruab nrab, xws li dej molecules, ua rau lub zog poob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm SRET tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ob peb lub tswv yim tsis pom zoo hauv cov kab mob [28]. Cov nyhuv SRET tseem tuaj yeem hloov kho tus kab mob kom hloov mus rau nws ib puag ncig, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsis zoo [29].
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, thev naus laus zis ntawm tus kab mob inactivation siv electromagnetic nthwv dej yuav tsum tau txhim kho ntxiv. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb yuav tsum yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kab mob inactivation los ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv lub zog ntawm cov kab mob thaum raug hluav taws xob nthwv dej, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis muaj cua sov uas tua cov kab mob pathogenic, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm SRET cov nyhuv ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej thiab ntau hom kab mob yuav tsum tau elucidated systematically. Kev tshawb fawb siv yuav tsum tsom mus rau yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv kev nqus hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm cov polar molecules, kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm ntau zaus ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, thiab kawm txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic.
Electromagnetic nthwv dej tau dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Electromagnetic yoj thev naus laus zis muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov pa phem, tsis tshua muaj nqi, thiab cov kab mob siab ua kom tsis muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem kov yeej cov kev txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los txiav txim siab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm electromagnetic yoj thev naus laus zis thiab nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kab mob inactivation.
Ib koob tshuaj ntawm electromagnetic yoj hluav taws xob tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov kab mob pathogenic. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob inactivation yog ze ze rau zaus, lub zog ceev, thiab lub sij hawm raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem muaj peev xwm suav nrog thermal, athermal, thiab cov qauv resonance cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob. Piv nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm muaj, electromagnetic yoj raws li tus kab mob inactivation muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj kuab paug tsawg. Yog li, electromagnetic wave-mediated virus inactivation tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob rau yav tom ntej.
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Post lub sij hawm: Oct-21-2022
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