Xov Xwm Txog Kev Kho Mob Tsiaj: Kev Nce Qib Hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kab Mob Khaub Thuas Avian Influenza

Xov Xwm 01

Kev kuaj pom thawj zaug ntawm H4N6 subtype ntawm tus kab mob khaub thuas avian hauv cov os mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) hauv tebchaws Iziv

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PIB: 35687561;DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14610

Kab mob khaub thuas noog (AIV) ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li cov noog dej qus kis AIV thoob ntiaj teb, kev tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj ntau ntawm AIV hauv cov pej xeem qus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog kev kis tus kab mob thiab kev kwv yees qhov kev sib kis kab mob hauv cov tsiaj hauv tsev thiab tib neeg. Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, H4N6 subtype AIV tau raug cais tawm thawj zaug los ntawm cov qauv quav ntawm cov os ntsuab qus (Anas platyrhynchos) hauv tebchaws Iziv. Cov txiaj ntsig phylogenetic ntawm HA thiab NA genes qhia tias hom kab mob no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog European thiab Asian isolates. Raws li Iziv nyob ntawm Middle Arctic-African migration route, nws xav tias hom kab mob no tej zaum tau qhia los ntawm cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Phylogenetic kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov noob sab hauv ntawm isolate (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M thiab NS) tau qhia txog qib siab ntawm phylogenetic relationship rau lwm cov AIV subtypes, qhia tias qhov xwm txheej recombination yav dhau los tau tshwm sim hauv isolate no. Tus kab mob H4N6 subtype ntawm AIV no muaj tus nqi sib xyaw ua ke siab, tuaj yeem kis rau cov npua noj qab haus huv thiab khi cov receptors tib neeg, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kab mob zoonotic yav tom ntej.

Xov Xwm 02

Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Kab Mob Khaub Thuas Avian Influenza Hauv EU, Lub Peb Hlis-Lub Rau Hli 2022

European Food Safety Authority, European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza

PMID: 35949938; PMCID: PMC9356771; DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

Xyoo 2021-2022, tus kab mob khaub thuas noog uas muaj kab mob ntau heev (HPAI) yog tus kab mob sib kis loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, nrog rau 2,398 tus kab mob sib kis hauv 36 lub tebchaws European ua rau muaj 46 lab tus noog raug tua pov tseg. Nruab nrab ntawm hnub tim 16 Lub Peb Hlis thiab hnub tim 10 Lub Rau Hli 2022, tag nrho muaj 28 lub tebchaws EU/EEA thiab UK 1,182 hom kab mob khaub thuas noog uas muaj kab mob ntau heev (HPAIV) tau raug rho tawm ntawm cov qaib (750 tus neeg mob), cov tsiaj qus (410 tus neeg mob) thiab cov noog uas raug kaw (22 tus neeg mob). Thaum lub sijhawm uas tau tshuaj xyuas, 86% ntawm cov qaib sib kis yog vim muaj kev sib kis HPAIV, nrog rau Fabkis suav txog 68% ntawm tag nrho cov qaib sib kis, Hungary rau 24% thiab lwm lub tebchaws uas raug cuam tshuam rau tsawg dua 2% txhua lub. Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj tus lej siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov noog qus (158 tus neeg mob), ua raws li Netherlands (98 tus neeg mob) thiab UK (48 tus neeg mob).

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas caj ces qhia tau hais tias HPAIV uas tam sim no muaj nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe feem ntau yog los ntawm spectrum 2.3.4 b. Txij li thaum daim ntawv tshaj tawm kawg, muaj plaub tus kab mob H5N6, ob tus kab mob H9N2 thiab ob tus kab mob H3N8 tau tshaj tawm hauv Suav teb thiab ib tus kab mob H5N1 tau tshaj tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob tau raug soj ntsuam tias qis rau cov pej xeem feem ntau thiab qis mus rau nruab nrab rau cov pej xeem uas raug kev ua haujlwm hauv EU/EEA.

 Xov Xwm 03

Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov seem 127, 183 thiab 212 ntawm HA gene cuam tshuam

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev rov ua dua thiab kev ua rau muaj kab mob ntawm tus kab mob khaub thuas avian H9N2

Menglu Fan,Bing Liang,Yongzhen Zhao,Yaping Zhang,Qingzheng Liu,Miao Tian,Yiqing Zheng,Huizi Xia,Yog Suzuki,Hualan Chen,Jihui Ping

PIB: 34724348; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14363

Tus kab mob khaub thuas noog (AIV) hom H9N2 yog ib hom kab mob tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev lag luam qaib. Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, ob hom kab mob ntawm H9N2 hom AIV uas muaj keeb kwm zoo sib xws tab sis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv, hu ua A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) thiab A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), tau raug rho tawm ntawm ib lub teb ua liaj ua teb qaib. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob qhia tau tias JS/75 thiab JS/76 sib txawv hauv peb cov amino acid residues (127, 183 thiab 212) ntawm haemagglutinin (HA). Txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv biological ntawm JS/75 thiab JS/76, rau tus kab mob recombinant tau tsim los ntawm kev siv txoj hauv kev rov qab genetic nrog A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) ua cov saw hlau tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev kuaj qaib thiab kev kuaj HI qhia tau hais tias r-76/PR8 tau pom tias muaj kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tshuaj antigenic ntau tshaj plaws vim yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov amino acid ntawm qhov chaw 127 thiab 183 hauv HA gene. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau lees paub tias glycosylation ntawm qhov chaw 127N tau tshwm sim hauv JS/76 thiab nws cov mutants. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib txuas ntawm Receptor qhia tau hais tias txhua tus kab mob recombinant, tshwj tsis yog 127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, yooj yim khi rau cov neeg txais humanoid. Kev loj hlob kinetics thiab nas kev ntsuam xyuas qhia tau hais tias tus kab mob 127N-glycosylated replicated tsawg dua hauv A549 hlwb thiab tsis muaj kab mob hauv nas piv rau tus kab mob qus. Yog li, glycosylation thiab amino acid mutations hauv HA gene yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov sib txawv ntawm antigenicity thiab pathogenicity ntawm 2 H9N2 hom kab mob.

Tau los ntawm: Tuam Tshoj Tsiaj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Epidemiology Center